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Early-type stars observed in the ESO UVES Paranal Observatory Project - I. Interstellar NaI UV, TiII and CaII K observations*
We present an analysis of interstellar NaI (λair=3302.37 and 3302.98 Å), TiII(λair= 3383.76Å) and CaII K (λair= 3933.66 Å) absorptionfeatures for 74 sightlines towards O- and B-type stars in the Galacticdisc. The data were obtained from the Ultraviolet and Visual EchelleSpectrograph Paranal Observatory Project, at a spectral resolution of3.75 km s-1 and with mean signal-to-noise ratios per pixel of260, 300 and 430 for the NaI, TiII and CaII observations, respectively.Interstellar features were detected in all but one of the TiIIsightlines and all of the CaII sightlines. The dependence of the columndensity of these three species with distance, height relative to theGalactic plane, HI column density, reddening and depletion relative tothe solar abundance has been investigated. We also examine the accuracyof using the NaI column density as an indicator of that for HI. Ingeneral, we find similar strong correlations for both Ti and Ca, andweaker correlations for Na. Our results confirm the general belief thatTi and Ca occur in the same regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) andalso that the TiII/CaII ratio is constant over all parameters. We henceconclude that the absorption properties of Ti and Ca are essentiallyconstant under the general ISM conditions of the Galactic disc.
| Coronagraphic Imaging of Pre-Main-Sequence Stars with the Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. I. The Herbig Ae Stars
STIS white-light coronagraphic imaging has been carried out for 14nearby, lightly reddened Herbig Ae stars, providing data on theenvironments and disks associated with these stars. No disks aredetected in our data when the Herbig Ae star is accompanied by a stellarcompanion at r<=2''. We find that the optical visibilityof protoplanetary disks associated with Herbig Ae stars at r>=50-70AU from the star is correlated with the strength of the mid-IR PAHfeatures, particularly 6.2 μm. These features, like the FUVfluorescent H2 emission, trace the presence of materialsufficiently far above the disk midplane that it is directly illuminatedby the star's FUV radiation. In contrast, measures of the bulkproperties of the disk, including ongoing accretion activity, mass, andthe submillimeter slope of the SED, do not correlate with the surfacebrightness of the optical nebulosity. Modelers have interpreted theappearance of the IR SED and the presence of emission from warm silicategrains at 10 μm as a measure of geometrical shadowing by material inthe disk near the dust sublimation radius of 0.5 AU. Geometricalshadowing sufficient to render a disk dark to distances as large as 500AU from a star would require that the star be optically visible only ifviewed essentially pole-on, in disagreement with our program star systeminclinations. Rather than invoking shadowing to account for theoptically dark disks, the correlation of the STIS detections with PAHemission features suggests a correlation with disk flaring and ananticorrelation with the degree of dust settling toward the midplane. Ifthis correlation continues to lower levels, the STIS data suggest thatimprovements in coronagraph performance that suppress the residualscattered and diffracted stellar light by an additional factor of>=10 should render the majority of disks associated with nearbyHerbig Ae stars detectable.Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope,which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research inAstronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26555.Based on observations made with the NASA-CNES-CSA Far UltravioletSpectroscopic Explorer. FUSE is operated for NASA by The Johns HopkinsUniversity under NASA contract NAS5-32985.
| To see or not to see a bow shock. Identifying bow shocks with Hα allsky surveys
OB-stars have the highest luminosities and strongest stellar winds ofall stars, which enables them to interact strongly with theirsurrounding ISM, thus creating bow shocks. These offer us an idealopportunity to learn more about the ISM. They were first detected andanalysed around runaway OB-stars using the IRAS allsky survey by vanBuren et al. (1995, AJ, 110, 2614). Using the geometry of such bowshocks information concerning the ISM density and its fluctuations canbe gained from such infrared observations. As to help to improve the bowshock models, additional observations at other wavelengths, e.g.Hα, are most welcome. However due to their low velocity these bowshocks have a size of 1°, and could only be observed as awhole with great difficulties. In the light of the new Hα allskysurveys (SHASSA/VTSS) this is no problem any more. We developeddifferent methods to detect bow shocks, e.g. the improved determinationof their symmetry axis with radial distance profiles. Using twoHα-allsky surveys (SHASSA/VTSS), we searched for bow shocks andcompared the different methods. From our sample we conclude, that thecorrelation between the direction of both proper motion and the symmetryaxis determined with radial distance profile is the most promisingdetection method. We found eight bow shocks around HD17505, HD 24430, HD48099, HD 57061, HD92206, HD 135240, HD149757, and HD 158186 from 37 candidatestaken from van Buren et al. (1995, AJ, 110, 2614). Additionally to thetraditional determination of ISM parameters using the standoff distanceof the bow shock, another approach was chosen, using the thickness ofthe bow-shock layer. Both methods lead to the same results, yieldingdensities ( 1 cm-3) and the maximal temperatures (104 K), that fit well to the up-to-date picture of the WarmIonised Medium.
| A Galactic O Star Catalog
We have produced a catalog of 378 Galactic O stars with accuratespectral classifications that is complete for V<8 but includes manyfainter stars. The catalog provides cross-identifications with othersources; coordinates (obtained in most cases from Tycho-2 data);astrometric distances for 24 of the nearest stars; optical (Tycho-2,Johnson, and Strömgren) and NIR photometry; group membership,runaway character, and multiplicity information; and a Web-based versionwith links to on-line services.
| High-Resolution Observations of Interstellar Ca I Absorption-Implications for Depletions and Electron Densities in Diffuse Clouds
We present high-resolution (FWHM~0.3-1.5 km s-1) spectra,obtained with the AAT UHRF, the McDonald Observatory 2.7 m coudéspectrograph, and/or the KPNO coudé feed, of interstellar Ca Iabsorption toward 30 Galactic stars. Comparisons of the column densitiesof Ca I, Ca II, K I, and other species-for individual componentsidentified in the line profiles and also when integrated over entirelines of sight-yield information on relative electron densities anddepletions (dependent on assumptions regarding the ionizationequilibrium). There is no obvious relationship between the ratio N(CaI)/N(Ca II) [equal to ne/(Γ/αr) forphotoionization equilibrium] and the fraction of hydrogen in molecularform f(H2) (often taken to be indicative of the local densitynH). For a smaller sample of sight lines for which thethermal pressure (nHT) and local density can be estimated viaanalysis of the C I fine-structure excitation, the average electrondensity inferred from C, Na, and K (assuming photoionizationequilibrium) seems to be independent of nH andnHT. While the electron density (ne) obtained fromthe ratio N(Ca I)/N(Ca II) is often significantly higher than the valuesderived from other elements, the patterns of relative nederived from different elements show both similarities and differencesfor different lines of sight-suggesting that additional processesbesides photoionization and radiative recombination commonly andsignificantly affect the ionization balance of heavy elements in diffuseinterstellar clouds. Such additional processes may also contribute tothe (apparently) larger than expected fractional ionizations(ne/nH) found for some lines of sight withindependent determinations of nH. In general, inclusion of``grain-assisted'' recombination does reduce the inferred ne,but it does not reconcile the ne estimated from differentelements; it may, however, suggest some dependence of ne onnH. The depletion of calcium may have a much weakerdependence on density than was suggested by earlier comparisons with CHand CN. Two appendices present similar high-resolution spectra of Fe Ifor a few stars and give a compilation of column density data for Ca I,Ca II, Fe I, and S I.
| A Method for Simultaneous Determination of AV and R and Applications
A method for the simultaneous determination of the interstellarextinction (AV) and of the ratio of total to selectiveextinction (R), derived from the 1989 Cardelli, Clayton, & Mathisfitting of the interstellar extinction law, is presented and applied toa set of 1900 color excesses derived from observations of stars inUBVRIJHKL. The method is used to study the stability of AVand R within selected regions in Perseus, Scorpius, Monoceros, Orion,Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, Carina, and Serpens. Analysis shows that R isapproximately constant and peculiar to each sector, with mean valuesthat vary from 3.2 in Perseus to 5.6 in Ophiuchus. These results aresimilar to published values by Aiello et al., He et al., Vrba &Rydgren, O'Donnell, and Cardelli, Clayton, & Mathis.
| Some Diffuse Interstellar Bands Related to Interstellar C2 Molecules
We have investigated the correlations between the equivalent widths of21 selected diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) and the correspondinginterstellar column densities N(C2), N(CN), and N(CH), toward53 stars with color excesses 0.11<=E(B-V)<=1.99. The observationaldata were derived primarily from echelle spectra acquired at R=38,000 aspart of our extensive, continuing survey of the bands. All but six ofthe 53 final spectra show signal-to-noise ratios >=800 at 5780Å. The principal result presented here is that seven of the 21bands prove to be examples of ``the C2 DIBs,'' a class ofweak, narrow bands whose normalized equivalent widthsWλ(X)/Wλ (λ6196) are wellcorrelated specifically with N(C2)/E(B-V) via power laws. Incontrast, the similarly normalized equivalent widths of the 14 other,well-known DIBs analyzed here are uncorrelated, or weaklyanticorrelated, with N(C2)/E(B-V), to within theobservational uncertainties. Thus, the polyatomic molecule(s) presumedto cause these seven C2 DIBs may bear a direct chemicalrelation to C2 that is not shared by the polyatomic moleculesputatively responsible for the other 14 bands. The C2 DIBsalso show positive correlations with N(CN)/E(B-V) and N(CH)/E(B-V) inour particular sample of light paths, although generally with shallowerslopes in the case of N(CN) and with greater scatter in the case ofN(CH). Eleven additional C2 DIBs are also identified but arenot analyzed here. Among the 18 C2 DIBs identified, fourapparently have not been previously detected. The λ4963 band isgenerally the strongest of the 18 C2 DIBs, while theλ4734 band shows the most sensitive correlation withN(C2).Based on observations obtained with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 mtelescope, which is owned and operated by the Astrophysical ResearchConsortium.
| The total-to-selective extinction ratio determined from near IR photometry of OB stars
The paper presents an extensive list of the total to selectiveextinction ratios R calculated from the infrared magnitudes of 597 O andB stars using the extrapolation method. The IR magnitudes of these starswere taken from the literature. The IR colour excesses are determinedwith the aid of "artificial standards" - Wegner (1994). The individualand mean values of total to selective extinction ratios R differ in mostcases from the average value R=3.10 +/-0.05 - Wegner (1993) in differentOB associations. The relation between total to selective extinctionratios R determined in this paper and those calculated using the "methodof variable extinction" and the Cardelli et al. (1989) formulae isdiscussed. The R values presented in this paper can be used to determineindividual absolute magnitudes of reddened OB stars with knowntrigonometric parallaxes.
| Large Grains in our and External Galaxies
We review some of the evidences that dust properties are dominated bylarge grains in some astronomical objects. We emphasize the effects oflarge grains on the extinction and emissivity, but we also discuss somedynamical implications. We also propose a density sequence, whereobjects characterized by denser environments are also associated withaverage larger grains.
| Evidence for Dust Grain Growth in Young Circumstellar Disks
Hundreds of circumstellar disks in the Orion nebula are being rapidlydestroyed by the intense ultraviolet radiation produced by nearby brightstars. These young, million-year-old disks may not survive long enoughto form planetary systems. Nevertheless, the first stage of planetformation-the growth of dust grains into larger particles-may have begunin these systems. Observational evidence for these large particles inOrion's disks is presented. A model of grain evolution in externallyirradiated protoplanetary disks is developed and predicts rapid particlesize evolution and sharp outer disk boundaries. We discuss implicationsfor the formation rates of planetary systems.
| Determination of R_V towards galactic O stars
We present new measurements of the interstellar reddening parameterRV=AV/E(B-V) towards 35 O stars. The results arecombined with measurements from the literature for 60 stars to study thebehaviour of RV with heliocentric distance. RV isthe single basic parameter which characterizes the interstellarextinction from the near-infrared to the far-UV spectral region. Theabsolute extinction AV, from which RV is derived,is best determined by optical and near-infrared photometry (Cardelli etal. \cite{r3}). We consider important the derivation of RVwith the same technique in the direction of as many as possible galacticO stars.
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| On the Correlation between CO Absorption and Far-Ultraviolet Nonlinear Extinction toward Galactic OB Stars
A sample of 59 sight lines to reddened Galactic OB stars was examinedfor correlations of the strength of the CO Fourth Positive(A1Π-X1Σ+) absorption bandsystem with the ultraviolet interstellar extinction curve parameters. Weused archival high-dispersion NEWSIPS IUE spectra to measure the COabsorption for comparison with parametric fits of the extinction curvesfrom the literature. A strong correlation with the nonlinear far-UVcurvature term was found with greater absorption, normalized to E(B-V),being associated with more curvature. A weaker trend with the linearextinction term was also found. Mechanisms for enhancing CO in dustenvironments exhibiting high nonlinear curvature are discussed.
| The structure of the Orion bar
We have obtained NIR spectral line maps of a limited region around theOrion Bar ionization front using the red and blue grisms of SOFI on theESO NTT telescope. The wavelength range covered was from 0.95 to 2.3μm. In addition to many well studied features, we detected two linesat 1.07 and 1.17 {mum } due to recombination to CI which haveexcitations above 60000 cm-1. We also observe severalfeatures at around 1 micron of atomic nitrogen (at still higherexcitations) which we believe are caused by fluorescence of UV lines atapproximately 955 Å in gas within the ionization front. We give abrief analysis of this process showing that one can infer the relativeUV intensities incident upon the ionization front on the basis of theNIR spectra. Analogously, the spatial distribution of the fluorescent OI1.317 {mum } line allows one to infer the geometry of the ionizationfront. We consider various geometries and conclude that the Orion Bar ismost likely to be a cylinder or filament in the plane of the sky. Mapsin the 9840 Å CI line were also obtained and compared with thecorresponding intensity distribution in C91alpha from Wyrowski et al.(1997). These are emitted from the same general area but showdifferences in detail which are likely partly to be due to patchyextinction. The CI NIR line correlates well with molecular hydrogenemission away from the high density high radiation field layers of theBar. The measured CI line ratios (in particular the ratio of the 0.984and 1.07 {mum } lines) suggest higher temperatures in the C+layer than allowed from the measured radio line width. The explanationfor this discrepancy is not clear but it points up the need forobservations in the NIR with higher spectral resolution and in the radiowith higher spatial resolution. Based on observations obtained at theEuropean Southern Observatory, Chile
| Revision and Calibration of MK Luminosity Classes for Cool Giants by HIPPARCOS Parallaxes
The Hipparcos parallaxes of cool giants are utilized in two ways in thispaper. First, a plot of reduced parallaxes of stars brighter than 6.5,as a function of spectral type, for the first time separates members ofthe clump from stars in the main giant ridge. A slight modification ofthe MK luminosity standards has been made so that luminosity class IIIbdefines members of the clump, and nearly all of the class III stars fallwithin the main giant ridge. Second, a new calibration of MK luminosityclasses III and IIIb in terms of visual absolute magnitudes has beenmade.
| Classification of O Stars in the Yellow-Green: The Exciting Star VES 735
Acquiring data for spectral classification of heavily reddened starsusing traditional criteria in the blue-violet region of the spectrum canbe prohibitively time consuming using small to medium sized telescopes.One such star is the Vatican Observatory emission-line star VES 735,which we have found excites the H II region KR 140. In order to classifyVES 735, we have constructed an atlas of stellar spectra of O stars inthe yellow-green (4800-5420 Å). We calibrate spectral type versusthe line ratio He I lambda4922:He II lambda5411, showing that this ratioshould be useful for the classification of heavily reddened O starsassociated with H II regions. Application to VES 735 shows that thespectral type is O8.5. The absolute magnitude suggests luminosity classV. Comparison of the rate of emission of ionizing photons and thebolometric luminosity of VES 735, inferred from radio and infraredmeasurements of the KR 140 region, to recent stellar models givesconsistent evidence for a main-sequence star of mass 25 M_solar and ageless than a few million years with a covering factor 0.4-0.5 by thenebular material. Spectra taken in the red (6500-6700 Å) show thatthe stellar Hα emission is double-peaked about the systemicvelocity and slightly variable. Hβ is in absorption, so that theemission-line classification is ``(e)''. However, unlike the case of themore well-known O(e) star zeta Oph, the emission from VES 735 appears tobe long-lived rather than episodic.
| On correlations between diffuse interstellar bands
One way to better apprehend the problem of diffuse interstellar bands(DIBs) is to search for correlations between the bands in a large sampleof spectra towards various lines of sight: a strict correlation mayimply that a common carrier is at the origin of the bands, whereas anon-correlation means that different species are involved. We proposethis observational test for 10 DIBs collected in up to 62 Galactic linesof sight. Strong DIBs do not strictly correlate, and sometimes thecorrelation is very poor. Only one example of a strict correlation hasbeen found in our sample between the DIBs at 6614 and 6196 Ä, thatcould signify a single carrier for those two bands. The general absenceof strict correlations is discussed in the context of molecular carriersfor the DIBs.
| UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
| ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. XIX - an astrometric/spectroscopic survey of O stars
We present the results of a speckle interferometric survey made with theCHARA speckle camera and 4 m class telescopes of Galactic O-type starswith V less than 8. We can detect with the speckle camera binaries inthe angular separation range 0.035-1.5 arcsec with delta M less than 3,and we have discovered 15 binaries among 227 O-type systems. We combinedour results on visual binaries with measurements of wider pairs from theWashington Double Star Catalog and fainter pairs from the HipparcosCatalog, and we made a literature survey of the spectroscopic binariesamong the sample. We then investigated the overall binary frequency ofthe sample and the orbital characteristics of the known binaries.Binaries are common among O stars in clusters and associations but lessso among field and especially runaway stars. There are many triplesystems among the speckle binaries, and we discuss their possible rolein the ejection of stars from clusters. The period distribution of thebinaries is bimodal in log P, but we suggest that binaries with periodsof years and decades may eventually be found to fill the gap. The massratio distribution of the visual binaries increases toward lower massratios, but low mass ratio companions are rare among close,spectroscopic binaries. We present distributions of the eccentricity andlongitude of periastron for spectroscopic binaries with ellipticalorbits, and we find strong evidence of a bias in the longitude ofperiastron distribution.
| Cross-correlation characteristics of OB stars from IUE spectroscopy
We present a catalogue of homogeneous measures of the linewidthparameter, v_esin i, for 373 O-type stars and early B supergiants(including the separate components of 25 binary and three triplesystems), produced by cross-correlating high-resolution,short-wavelength IUE spectra against a `template' spectrum of tauSco. Wealso tabulate terminal velocities. There are no O supergiants in oursample with v_esin i<65 km s^-1, and only one supergiant earlier thanB5 has v_esin i<50 km s^-1, confirming that an important linebroadening mechanism in addition to rotation must be present in theseobjects. A calibration of the area under the cross-correlation peakagainst spectral type is used to obtain estimates of continuum intensityratios of the components in 28 spectroscopically binary or multiplesystems. At least seven SB2 systems show evidence for the `Struve-Sahadeeffect', a systematic variation in relative line strength as a functionof orbital phase. The stellar wind profiles of the most rapid rotator inour sample, the O9III:n* star HD 191423 (v_esin i=436km s^-1), show itto have a `wind-compressed disc' similar to that of HD 93521; this starand other rapid rotators are good candidates for studies of non-radialpulsation.
| The ``Mass Discrepancy'' for Massive Stars: Tests of Models Using Spectroscopic Binaries
Stellar evolutionary models are often used to infer a star's mass viaits luminosity, but empirical checks on the accuracy of the theoreticalmass-luminosity relation for very massive stars have been lacking. Thisis of particular concern given that modern atmosphere models yieldsystematically smaller masses for massive stars than do evolutionarymodels, with the discrepancy being a factor of 2 for Of stars. Weattempt to resolve this mass discrepancy by obtaining new,high-resolution optical data on seven early-type spectroscopic binaries:V453 Cyg, HD 191201, V382 Cyg, Y Cyg, HD 206267, DH Cep, and AH Cep. Ourstudy produces improved spectral subtypes for the components of thesesystems, which are crucial for evaluating their luminosities andlocations in the H-R diagram. Our radial velocity study utilizes ameasuring method that explicitly accounts for the effects of pairblending. We combine our new orbit solutions with existing data oninclinations and distances when available to compare the orbital masseswith evolutionary models, and we find good agreement in all cases wherethe stars are noninteracting. (The components of V382 Cyg and DH Cepfill their Roche lobes, and in both cases we find masses substantiallylower than the masses inferred from evolutionary tracks, suggesting thatsignificant material has been lost rather than transferred. We confirmthat this same trend exists for other systems drawn from theliterature.) Our own data extends to only 15 Mȯ, althoughphotometric inclination determinations for HD 191201 and HD 206267should prove possible and will provide examples of higher mass systems.We briefly discuss suitable systems from the literature and concludethat orbit solutions provide good agreement with the evolutionary modelsto 25 Mȯ. Beyond this, most known binaries either fill their Rochelobes or have other complications. We also discuss five systems forwhich our improved data and analysis failed to yield acceptable orbitsolutions: EO Aur, IU Aur, V640 Mon (Plaskett's star), LY Aur, and 29 UWCMa all remained intractable, despite improved data.
| A Survey for H alpha Emission in Massive Binaries: The Search for Colliding Wind Candidates
I report the results of the first all-sky survey of H alpha emission inthe spectra of O-type binaries. The survey includes 26 systems, of which10 have emission that extends clearly above the continuum. This is thefirst report of emission for four of these. An additional three systemsshow small distortions in the H alpha profile that may result from weakemission. I compare the distribution of emission systems in H-R diagramsfor both binary and single stars, using a survey of single O-type starsdone by Conti (1974). Emission in main-sequence systems is extremelyrare and is completely absent in my sample of binary stars. Among binarystars, 78% of the systems containing giants show some emission, while nosingle giants in Conti's sample do. In the case of supergiants, 78% ofsingle stars show emission, while all supergiant binaries show strongemission. H alpha emission may come from a variety sources, but the factthat binaries have a higher incidence and strength of emission inpost--main-sequence stages may indicate that wind interactions are acommon source of emission in massive binaries. To ascertain whether ornot colliding winds have been observed, it will be necessary to studythe H alpha line profile throughout several orbits of each candidatecolliding wind system and look for recurring orbital-phase--relatedvariations. Such a study is underway.
| New Perspectives on AX Monocerotis
AX Moncerotis is a 232d, noneclipsing, interacting binary star thatconsists of a K giant, a Be-like giant, and large amounts ofcircumstellar material. The K star is almost certainly a synchronousrotator and is probably in contact with its critical lobe. The Be starwas believed to be a rapid rotator based on extremely wide absorptionlines, but new spectra show that these lines arise from thecircumstellar environment. Hydrogen emission, also circumstellar, ismany times stronger than the continuum. Near-ultraviolet light curvesexhibit a 0.5 mag dip near phase 0.75, but there is no such variabilityat longer wavelengths. Gas flow trajectories from the cusp of the K startoward the Be star provide a simple explanation for the photometric andspectroscopic behavior. We may have found a decreasing orbital period,but more data are necessary to confirm this result. We present severalmodels for AX Mon based on (1) new and archival visible photometry, (2)archival ultraviolet spectroscopy, (3) new and archival visiblespectroscopy, (4) new visible polarimetry, and (5) new radio photometry.Future observations, including optical interferometry, are proposed.
| Bow Shocks Around Runaway Stars.III.The High Resolution Maps
In a recent survey for bow shock structures around OB runaway starsusing the ISSA/IRAS archival data and excess maps at 60 \mum, 58candidates were found. These objects are surrounded by extended infraredemission at 60 \mum, characteristic of warm dust heated by ultravioletphotons, a signature of wind bow shocks. High resolution IRAS (HiRes)images have been produced for these 58 objects and some of thosespatially resolved are presented in this study. The images were used todistinguish between multiple confused IR sources, possible artifacts andunambiguous bow shocks, as the sources of the extended 60 \mum emission.Six new bow shocks have been identified using this method, and threehave been rejected. Twenty two of the targets, however, remain spatiallyunresolved even at the nominal HiRes resolution of ~ 1arcmin . For thelarger and better defined bow shocks some internal substructure isdiscernible. The length of these features suggest that they arise as theresult of a subtle dynamical instability. It can not be ruled out,however, that some of the bow shock morphology could be imprinted by thesurrounding medium.
| Spectroscopic binary orbits from ultraviolet radial velocities. Paper 22: HD 48099
Not Available
| ROSAT Survey Observations of the Monogem Ring
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJ...463..224P&db_key=AST
| The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright OB-type stars.
For the detailed statistical analysis of the X-ray emission of hot starswe selected all stars of spectral type O and B listed in the Yale BrightStar Catalogue and searched for them in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Inthis paper we describe the selection and preparation of the data andpresent a compilation of the derived X-ray data for a complete sample ofbright OB stars.
| A new CO survey of the Monoceros OB1 region.
A new, fully sampled, sensitive CO survey of 52.5 square degrees towardsthe Monoceros OB1 (Mon OB1) region has been completed using the CfA 1.2m millimeter-wave radio telescope. This survey extends from b=-1.5°to b=+3.5° and from l=196.0° to l=206.5° on a uniformlyspaced grid of 3.75' in l and b, and has substantially bettersensitivity than previous surveys of the region. CO is detected in 80%of the area, 60% of which is weak with integrated intensities less than5K.km/s. The large-scale kinematics are dominated by the Perseus andLocal spiral arms. Within the Local arm the molecular gas appears tohave been strongly influenced by supernova remnants and expanding HIIregions with the strongest emission at velocities ranging from -17 to+10km/s, and a total mass of 1.3x10^5^Msun_. Weak CO emissionfrom Perseus arm clouds shows that they have a mean kinematic distanceof 3.5kpc and are comparable in size and mass to local molecular clouds.The coincident positions of colour selected IRAS point sources indicatesthat these distant clouds are undergoing massive star formation.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Radio continuum emission from stars: a catalogue update.
An updated version of my catalogue of radio stars is presented. Somestatistics and availability are discussed.
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Наблюдательные данные и астрометрия
| Созвездие: | Единорог |
| Прямое восхождение: | 06h41m59.30s |
| Склонение: | +06°20'42.0" |
| Видимая звёздная величина: | 6.37 |
| Расстояние: | 10000000 парсек |
| Собственное движение RA: | 1.6 |
| Собственное движение Dec: | 3.8 |
| B-T magnitude: | 6.254 |
| V-T magnitude: | 6.341 |
Каталоги и обозначения:
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